1/1/2024 0 Comments General mills tokensEmil DiBella, Check-List of Sales Tax Tokens.Dean, Sales Tax Tokens and Scrip: Histories. Dean, Ohio Sales Tax Revenues Stamps, Punch Cards, Tokens and Related Memorabilia. Dean, "A Brief History of Sales Tax Token and Scrip Collecting," Spring Valley, MN: Monte Dean, 2014. American Tax Token Society, ATTS Newsletter.^ Dean, Sales Tax Tokens and Scrip, pg.Spring Valley, MN: Monte Christo Dean, 2013 pg. ^ a b c d e Monte Christo Dean, Sales Tax Tokens and Scrip: Histories.Edelmann, "Bracket Systems and Sales Under One Dollar," Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Taxation under the Auspices of the National Tax Association, vol. Dean, Ohio Sales Tax Revenues: Stamps, Punch Cards, Tokens and Related Memorabilia. ^ a b c Malehorn and Davenport, 'United States Sales Tax Tokens and Stamps, pg.Bryantown, MD: Jade House Publications, 1993 pg. Malehorn and Tim Davenport, United States Sales Tax Tokens and Stamps: A History and Catalog. New York: National Industrial Conference Board, 1929 pg. ^ National Industrial Conference Board, General Sales Tax or Turnover Tax.^ a b Brian Rxm, "Sales Tax Tokens: US State issues during the 1930s Depression," Brian Rxm website,.Historical coverage in this latter book was supplemented in 2013 with the publication of Monte Dean's Sales Tax Tokens and Scrip: Histories, a massive one million word tome reproducing nearly 3,600 newspaper articles and monograph excerpts. Additional types and varieties discovered after publication of this latter book, complete with "pseudo-M&D" numbers, have been described and illustrated in various issues of ATTS Newsletter. The books is colloquially known among collectors as “the M&D" based upon the surnames of the authors and the so-called "M&D" numbering system of that book remains in common use by tax token specialist collectors. The Pfefferkorn and Schimmel catalog was superseded in 1993 with the publication of United States Tax Tokens and Stamps: A History and Catalog, by Merlin K. A small number of bootleg copies were later photocopied and spiral-ring bound. Schimmel, was published in 1977 with a press run of just 500 copies. The first of these, Chits, Chiselers, and Funny Money, by Michael G. In addition to a number of early check-lists of available tokens, there have been two comprehensive catalogs published for collectors of sales tax tokens. In 1971 collectors of sales tax tokens founded an organization called the American Tax Token Society, which has published a quarterly newsletter continuously since its foundation. On the other hand, certain types and varieties are extremely rare, with as few as one specimen known. Consequently, tax tokens are regarded by numismatists as ubiquitous and often are of comparatively little value. The number of types issued is counted in the hundreds, with mintages of some of these types ranging upwards into the tens of millions. Tax tokens were issued in a variety of materials, including cardboard, brass, bronze, aluminum, pressed cotton fiber, and plastic. In 1933, 11 more states, including New York, Illinois, California, and Michigan, adopted sales taxes. Georgia's early adoption of a sales tax in 1929 was followed by a wave of sales tax adoptions, spurred on by the deep financial crisis. Meanwhile, calls for state spending on relief measures for the indigent and the unemployed expanded beyond the states' capabilities. As unemployment skyrocketed, income tax revenue plummeted and defaults on property taxes spiked. In October 1929 the global economic crisis struck the United States. Improving economic conditions throughout that decade of the 1920s would leave West Virginia's use of a sales tax unique among the 48 American states. Although the proposals for a national sales tax were defeated by an alliance of farmer and labor interests, the state of West Virginia implemented a 1% sales tax of its own in that same year, using the revenue so generated as a replacement for a corporate income tax. Indeed, in 1921 there was a concerted effort to implement a 1% national sales tax in the USA by attaching it to the 1921 national revenue bill and 1922 legislation providing for a soldiers' bonus. Excise tax - a transaction tax on the sale of specific items - was broadly used, however, and the idea of a general sales tax was neither unknown nor obscure to political decision-makers in the United States. Prior to the coming of World War I in the summer of 1914, only two countries, Mexico and the Philippines, made use of a general sales tax for national finance.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |